Mechanical drier.



Nu. 633,l23. v Patented Sept. I9, I899- F. D. SUMMER, Decd.

W. M. CUMIIEB, Administraior. MEGHANICAL DRIER.

(HQ IodeL) (Application filed 1m. 1, 1897.) 4 Sheats8heet ITEET.

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f No. 63,3,I23. Patented Sept. l9, I899. F. n. cumman, Decd.

W. M. SUMMER, Administrator.

' MECHANICAL DRIER. (No Model.)

(Application filed Mar. 1, 1897.) 4 shee*s sheet k N1 9 E v 7 o- 4 l g X'IuvE NT Ell-T No. 633,!23. Patented Sept. I9, I899.

' F. D. CUMMER, Decd.

W. M. CUIIIIER, Administrator.

MECHANICAL DRIER.

4 Sheets-Shut 3.

(No Model.)

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No. 633,I23; Patented se t. l9, I899. F. D. CUMMER, Decd. W. M.EUIIIIER, Administrator.

. MECHANICAL DRIER.

(No Model.) (Applicgfiqn m m, 1, 1997, 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANKLIN DAVID OUMMER, 'OF OLEVELAND, OHIO; I/VILLIAM M. OUMMER,

ADMINISTRATOR OF SAID FRANKLIN DAVID OUMMER, DECEASED, AS- SIGNOR TO THEF. D. OUMMER (h SON COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 633,123, datedSeptember 19, 1899.

Application filed March 1, 1897. Serial No. 625.561. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN DAVID GUM- MER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State ofOhio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in MechanicalDriers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to mechanical driers, and the invention consists inthe construction, combination, and arrangement of parts, substantiallyas shown and described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of amechanical drier constructed according to one of my-original conceptionsof the invention of a drier with a revolving drying-cylinder. Fig. 2,Sheet 2, is an enlarged elevation of the rear end of the furnace and thedryingcylinder and showing especially the spindle of the shaft and twoadjustable bearings, as hereinafter fully described. Fig. 3, Sheet 1, isan end elevation of the rear spindle and its rear adjustable bearing andsupport. Fig. 4; is a horizontal section on line-0c, 00, Fig. 3, lookingdown. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of the dryingcylinder shown in Figs. 1and 6. longitudinal sectional elevation of a section of cylinder as seenin Fig. 1, enlarged. Figs. 7 and 8 are longitudinal elevations ofmodified forms of cylinder; and Figs. 9 and 10 are a cross-section andside elevation, respectively, of still another modification.

By the foregoing figures it will be seen that this invention belongs tothe class of driers in which the material dried is carried in a streamor volume through the drying-cylinder, while the products of combustionfrom a furnace or other fire, or the fire-gases, pass through thecylinder in the'opposite direction, and the material is agitated andexposed in the immediate presence of the drying agent. Thisdistinguishes the drier from the class in which the material is shut upin the drying-cylinder until its treatment is completed and it isreplaced by another charge or quantity to be dried in like manner. and

Fig. 6 is .9.

also from the class of driers wherein the heat is applied only to theoutside of the cylinder or otherreceptacle and the fire-gases do notpenetrate or touch the material during the entire operation. In thisdrier contact of the hot gases from the fire with the material is of thevery essence of the invention, as is also the movement of the materialin a stream or current, like a flowing stream of water, and theapplication of the drying agent to the stream across its path atsuccessive stages and in more or less modified form, according to thenature of the material and its changing needs during the drying process.Of course a great variety of materials may be treated in a drierof thiskind, as is now well known to those skilled in this art, and thereforean enumeration of such materials is not deemed necessary in this case.

Referring now to Fig. 1, we have a drying apparatus comprising asuitable furnace A or other source of heat, a walled-in cylinderchamberB, and a drying-cylinder O, set into said chamber at more or lessinclination, as usual. In drying most materials it is desirable to enterthe cylinder 0 through its side rather than to traverse the cylinder-itsentire length with the'drying agent, and to this end it is my practiceto provide suitable openings at intervals through the shell or side ofthe cylinderfor example, as seen in Fig. l although,of course, j ustsuch openings as these or their equivalent might be made so as to becontinuous from end to end of the cylinder, or more or less numerous,here and there, or

of larger or smaller size, as might be deemed best, the nature of thematerial and its conduct under treatment helping to determine what isbest in any given case. For present purposes a series of belts ofopenings 2 at somewhat varying intervals serve my purpose, and byadmitting relatively more heat at what is here the front end of thecylinder, where the material has most moisture, I reduce the degree andthe volume of heat which flows toward the rear end of the cylinder. Inother cases I might want to reverse this arrangement and take thegreater volume of the drying agentintothe cylinder nearer its other end.I desire it to be understood, therefore, that the mere disposition orcapacity of the said openings or passages 2 is not material for thepurposes of this presentation of the invention.

Referring to Fig. (5 it will be seen that the openings, holes, orpassages 2 are formed by punching the shell or wall of the cylinder forthis purpose, and the said holes 2 may be of any desired shape and sizeand number. In this instance these holes are oblong, running lengthwiseof the cylinder, and are guarded or covered on the inside of thecylinder with circular plates or shields F. These plates or shieldsconform to the interior of the cylinder and are secured thereto byrivets, preferably, or other means, and are bent or fashioned incross-section so as to have two diameters, one through which they areriveted in place and the other and smaller diameter, but wider portionin this instance, which stands apart from the surface of the cylinderrelatively about as shown and covers or guards the openings 2. The saidguards or shields F are purposely projected with their free edges towardthe discharge of the cylinder, so that the material will pass over themand not feed or fall through the openings 2. Of course the fact thatthere is considerable draft or suction through openings 2 from theoutside will contribute to keeping the material in the cylinder; butthis is not enough, especially with heavy materials or Where thematerial is excessively moist.

I have here shown one way of constructing and securing the shields F;but other ways are obvious and may be adopted and come within thepresent invention. So, also, may there be other ways of providing inletor draft openings through the shell of the cyli11der--as, for example,in Fig. 7. In this construction the shell of the cylinder is made insections 3, separated at their ends more or less, as shown, and shieldsor guards G, like guards F in Fig. 6 in design, overlap or bridge theintervening space and serve to make the cylinder operate the samesubstantially as in Fig. 1. To make this construction practical I employlap-strips H on the outside of the cylinder, riveted to the respectivesections of the cylinder, and these strips are sufficient in number andstrength and length to perfectly and rigidly connect thecylinder-sections. If desired, some of these strips might run the entirelength of the cylinder, as in Fig. 8, where all the lap-strips 5 run thefull length of the cylinder. The open spaces between said stripsconstitute the draft passages or openings into the cylinderin both Figs.7 and 8.

Figs. 9 and 10 disclose a further modification, in which thedrying-cylinder is shown as constructed in sections longitudinally,eachof which inclines inwardly and overlaps the next adjoining section ateach edge, first on the outside and then on the inside. This leaves alongitudinal inlet-passage for the hot gases and air between each twosections, and they overlap far enough on the inside and are wide enoughto prevent the material being treated from dropping or working outthrough these passages. The cylinder is of course rotated in thedirection of the arrows, Fig. 9, so as to keep the passages clear. Theseseveral sections care united and firmly bound together into a perfectlyrigid structure by I-shaped or flanged pieces 0, which are more or lessnumerously arranged between the overlapping portions of said sectionsand firmly riveted thereto. Suitable heads form the ends of the cylinderthus constructed, and in all other respects the cylinder can be used, asare others of my invention.

These several different constructions are simply given asillustrationsof the invention and not as conclusive thereof. Indeed a great number ofadditional modifications might be suggested which would serve the samepurpose; but more are not deemed necessary at this time. I howeverprefer to make the shell or cylinder in continuous sheets, each sheet tobe as long as the cylinder and the cylinder to have no scams or joiningsexcept along the sheet-lines, and I prefer to join these sheets incylindrical form, so as to form the cylinder by means of continuouslap-strips, as in Fig. 8. In that case there may be one continuousopening between the lap-strips 5, or there may be a series of openings,as in Fig. 1. This simply shows how much these minor constructions maybe varied and come within the invention.

Referring now to the mountings of cylinder 0, as seen in Fig. 1, Hrepresents the spindle or shaft of the cylinder, having two bearings 6and 7 in separate supports K and L. The inner bearing 6 has trunnionsresting on or in the support K, on which there is a free rocking motionfor the bearing, as the adjustments of the axle H may require, and theouter bearing 7 is vertically adjustable by means of set-screws 9 and 10above and below, after the manner seen in Fig. 2, at the rear bearingtherein, and these screws each engage the said bearing 7 indirectlythrough the bearing-pieces l1 and 12, engaged by said screws andengaging the bearing 7, substantially as shown. This or an equivalentconstruction of parts may he used to adjust and support bearing 7. Itwill be noticed that the immediate support for bearing 7 is an eye N,engaged by pieces 11 and 12 on somewhat rounded bearing and having cars14 to guide it on the supporting-frame L. At the front of cylinder 0 aretwo other bearings O and I for shaft R. The adjustable bearing 7 at therear of the machine may be used for sustaining the other three bearingsof the cylinder 0 or any one of them. My custom has been to place underthe sole-plates of each of these bearings a piece or pieces of wood orother suitable material, so that by these means I could give saidbearings more or less elevation, according to the number or size of suchpieces retained or removed, and thus I could elevate or lower each endof the machine and IIO give any desired angle to the shafts; but bymeans of the present construction I can adjust the shafts accurately sothat the center line of each shaft will be in accurate alinement withthe center line of the cylinder.

It will be noticed that the guards or shields F and G are so reduced indiameter as to leave space between them and the holes or openings forthe draft which they cover, so that the draft can pass the guards orshields to the inside of the cylinder. The guards project, as hereshown, in a plane substantially parallel to the axis of the cylinder andthe shell, and in both the views an annular space is formed between themand the shell for the passage of the hot gases in which the cylinderforms the outer wall of the passage and the shield the inner wall. Ifthe inlet holes or passages be in abelt, as herein shown, a single guardring or shield suffices for all.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The drying-cylinder having inlet-openings between its ends for hotgases,and shields for said openings forming the inner wall of adraft-passage from said openings to the interior of thecylinder,snbstantially as described.

2. The drying-cylinder provided with a succession of openings throughits side for the admission of hot gases, and passages. from the cylinderhaving the shell of the cylinder forming the outer wall thereof andinside coverings substantially parallel to said shell, forming the innerwalls of said passages, substantially as described.

4. The drying-cylinder having one or more 7 belts of inlet-openingsthrough its side, and

a single shield or cover inside the cylinder opposite each belt ofopenings, and substantially parallel to the shell of the cylinder,

' substantially as described.

5. In a rotary drying-cylinder aseries of holes in the shell of saidcylinder, and an overhanging flange above said holes open toward thedischarge end, substantially as described.

WVitness my hand to the foregoing specification this 16th day ofFebruary, 1897.

FRANKLIN DAVID CUMMER.

Witnesses:

H. T. FISHER, H. E. M DRA.

